[14][15] He was a regular troublemaker in the schools to which he was sent. Jafar Ali Khan, also known as Mir Jafar, the Nawab's commander-in-chief, led the conspirators. In June, Clive received news that the new Nawab had attacked the British at Kasimbazar and shortly afterwards on 20 June he had taken the fort at Calcutta. There he attended the Market Drayton Grammar School, where his unruly behaviour (and an improvement in the family's fortunes) prompted his father to send him to Merchant Taylors' School in London. He was heartened to learn that some 6,000 Maratha forces had been convinced to come to his relief, but that they were awaiting payment before proceeding. As a budding young captain, Clive found himself caught up in a war between two Indian potentates, the decadent, spendthrift Muhammad Ali, Nawab of the Carnatic, and his formidable rival Chanda Sahib, each backed by the rival British and French East India Companies. Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Lawrence procured for Clive a position as the commissary at Fort St. George, a potentially lucrative posting (its pay included commissions on all supply contracts).[35]. (1935). He is reputed to have climbed the tower of St Mary's Parish Church in Market Drayton and perched on a gargoyle, frightening those down below. He had been well received at court, had been made Baron Clive of Plassey, County Clare, had bought estates, and had a few friends as well as himself returned to the House of Commons. Fort St. George and the French trading post at Pondicherry were both located in the Nawab's territory. Clive was forced to reduce his garrison to about 300 men, sending the rest of his force to Madras in case the enemy army decided to go there instead. [51], During the three years that Clive remained in Great Britain, he sought a political position, chiefly that he might influence the course of events in India, which he had left full of promise. With only 70 men in the fort, Clive once again was able to disguise his small numbers, and sowed sufficient confusion against his enemies that multiple assaults against the fort were successfully repulsed. Despite Britain and the Dutch Republic not formally being at war, a Dutch fleet of seven ships, containing more than fifteen hundred European and Malay troops, came from Batavia and arrived at the mouth of the Hooghly River in October 1759, while Mir Jafar, the Nawab of Bengal, was meeting with Clive in Calcutta. In this he was aided by the news of reverses in Bengal. 14 August 1769, d. unm 28 July 1833), Lt-Col. A statue of Clive stands in the main square in the market town of, There is a settlement named after Clive in the. Hostilities in India began with a British naval attack on a French fleet in 1745, which led the French Governor-General Dupleix to request additional forces. That night Clive launched a daring attack against the French artillery, seeking to capture their guns. 19 January 1762, d. unm 20 October 1795), Elizabeth Clive (bapt 18 November 1764 Condover, d. young). David. [citation needed] At this time the East India Company had a small settlement at Fort St. George near the village of Madraspatnam, later Madras, now the major Indian metropolis of Chennai,[19] in addition to others at Calcutta, Bombay, and Cuddalore. He was awakened by the alarm, and was instantly at his post ... After three desperate onsets, the besiegers retired behind the ditch. [11], Clive employed Umichand, a rich Bengali trader, as an agent between Mir Jafar and the British officials. [54][55], Clive was also instrumental in making the company virtual master of North India by introducing his policy of "Dual system of government". [17], When Clive was nine his aunt died, and, after a brief stint in his father's cramped London quarters, he returned to Shropshire. The salaries of civil servants were increased, the acceptance of gifts from Indians was forbidden, and Clive exacted covenants under which participation in the inland trade was stopped. In 1748 at Fort St. David, India, Robert Clive (Ronald Colman), a disenchanted East India Company clerk, joins the British army to help combat the French. [52] The non-graduate Clive received an honorary degree as DCL from Oxford University in 1760, and in 1764 he was appointed Knight of the Order of the Bath. First years in India. He was allowed to sit in the Commons because his peerage was Irish. Coleman gives a very good performance in the lead but sadly the screenplay doesn't give him too much to do. Title: [39], Clive also briefly sat as Member of Parliament for the Cornwall rotten borough of St Michael's, which then returned two Members, from 1754 to 1755. His bad behaviour continued, and he was then sent to a trade school in Hertfordshire to complete a basic education. He was soon captured by Mir Jafar's forces and later executed by the assassin Mohammadi Beg. Ron Kerrigan . He is credited along with Warren Hastings for laying the foundation of the British Empire in India. For the 1935 film, see, British military officer and East India Company official, Clive of India, by John Watney, published 1974, p.149. [62] While Clive left no suicide note, Samuel Johnson wrote that he "had acquired his fortune by such crimes that his consciousness of them impelled him to cut his own throat". The Mughals were also joined by Jean Law and 200 Frenchmen, and waged a campaign against the British during the Seven Years' War. It was originally agreed that the town would be restored to the British after negotiation but this was opposed by Dupleix, who sought to annex Madras to French holdings. Siraj Ud Daulah fled from the field on a camel, securing what wealth he could. Prince Ali Gauhar was welcomed and protected by Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Awadh. [57] Pézenas is now known for these delicacies. Clive of India (1935) "Six words from a woman changed the map of Asia!" Shelves: reviewed, india, history, biography If you are going to read any book on the history of Lord Robert Clive this is the must have book. An office of "Deputy Nawab" was created, who was at the helms of all the affairs vis a vis revenue of two of the richest province of India besides being company's representative while the Nizamat(Law and order) remained in the hands of Nawab who appointed his own representative to deal with the company. [citation needed]. But he had discerned the importance of the province even during his first visit to its rich delta, mighty rivers and teeming population. Arriving in India in the 1740s, Clive helped establish British supremacy. In the summer of 1751, Chanda Sahib left Arcot to besiege Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah at Trichinopoly. Clive's small force maintained its composure, and established killing fields outside the walls of the fort where the attackers sought to gain entry. [20] Clive arrived at Fort St. George in June 1744, and spent the next two years working as little more than a glorified assistant shopkeeper, tallying books and arguing with suppliers of the East India Company over the quality and quantity of their wares. I'm really not sure what was up with this movie but it was described as an epic upon its original release but it seems like a good hour and a half was cut out of the film. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags) Want more? Clive, hoping to surprise the small garrison at Arcot, made a series of forced marches, including some under extremely rainy conditions. When he was 18, he was sent to Madras as a clerk and bookkeeper in the East India Company. When he returned from India to England in 1767 he faced a … Later in 1772, Clive was invested Knight of the Bath (eight years after his knighthood had been awarded),[53] and was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire. Ronald Colman plays an MP addicted to drugs, and a double recruited to cover for him. But he believed he had other work in the exploitation of the revenues and resources of rich Bengal itself, making it a base from which British India would afterwards steadily grow. For two days, the army marched past Clive's camp to take up a position east of Calcutta. 3 of 7 people found this review helpful. [24] On 4 September 1746, Madras was attacked by French forces led by La Bourdonnais. [46][47] While the Black Hole became infamous in Britain, it is debatable whether the Nawab was aware of the incident. Historians have criticised Clive's management of Bengal during his tenure with the EIC and his responsibility in contributing to the Bengal Famine of 1770. Written by Clive, now promoted to lieutenant-colonel in the British Army, took part in the capture of the fortress of Gheriah, a stronghold of the Maratha Admiral Tuloji Angre. Clive led this force rapidly across the river and toward the fort, where the small British unit became separated from the sepoys and were enveloped by the Tanjorean cavalry. Nearly 250 years later in 1998, illegally salvaged coins from Clive's treasure chest were offered for sale,[44] and in 2002 a portion of the coins were given to the South African government after protracted legal wrangling. He wins but the casino operators want him honor the tradition of returning to the ... See full summary », Maurice and Stella Trent are happily married. Clive was MP for Shrewsbury from 1761 until his death. In the mid-1700's the East India Company has power over commerce on the sub-continent, with the blessings of the British government. Robert Clive married Margaret Maskelyne (d. 28 December 1817[37]) on 18 February 1753,[37] sister of the Rev. Opera prima donna leaves the Metropolitan to form her own company with Tibbett as leading man. Because of the darkness, the besiegers had no idea how large Clive's force was, and they fled in panic. The European merchant companies raised bodies of troops to protect their commercial interests and latterly to influence local politics to their advantage. Clive himself headed the nine who voted for delay; Major Eyre Coote led the seven who counselled immediate attack. Following Irish independence, these lands became state property. The Nawab nominally owed fealty to the nizam, but in many respects acted independently. London barrister's marriage is under strain after his affair with a shop-girl who is out to have him. On 23 June, the engagement took place and lasted the whole day, during which remarkably little actual fighting took place. Robert's father, who supplemented the estate's modest income by practising as a lawyer, also served in Parliament for many years, representing Montgomeryshire. Clive quoted about the oppression of Bengal: Following the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020 and the toppling by Black Lives Matter protestors of the statue of slave-trader Edward Colston in Bristol, several petitions were launched calling for the removal of the statue of Clive in the centre of The Square in Shrewsbury. [11], On 3 May 1765 Clive landed at Calcutta to learn that Mir Jafar had died, leaving him personally £70,000 (equivalent to £9,600,000 in 2019). Changes caused by Clive to the revenue system and existing agricultural practices, to maximize profits for the East India Company, led to the Bengal Famine of 1770 and increased poverty in Bengal. In stifling summer heat, it was reported that 43 of the 64 prisoners died as a result of suffocation or heat stroke. Local tradition says that he was responsible for introducing the local pastry makers of Pézenas to a sweet pastry, le petit pâté de Pézenas, the size and shape of a large cotton reel with a sweet centre, and that he (or, more likely, his chef) had brought the recipe from India as a refined version of the savoury keema naan. On 22 November 1774 Clive died, aged forty-nine, at his Berkeley Square home in London. While Clive was preoccupied with fighting the French, the Dutch directors of the outpost at Chinsurah, not far from Chandernagore, seeing an opportunity to expand their influence, agreed to send additional troops to Chinsurah. [66] Despite more than 20,000 signatures supporting such a move, on 16 July 2020 Shropshire Council voted 28–17 to retain the statue. Certificate: Passed Cigarette falls in love with him though Major Doyle is in love with her. The approach of this force prompted Raza Sahib to demand Clive's surrender; Clive's response was an immediate rejection, and he further insulted Raza Sahib by suggesting that he should reconsider sending his rabble of troops against a British-held position. Dr Nevil Maskelyne, fifth Astronomer Royal, in Madras. His whole army amounted to 1,100 Europeans and 2,100 sepoy troops, with nine field-pieces. The British presence in India was still tiny compared to the number and strength of the princes and people of India, but also compared to the forces of their ambitious French, Dutch and Danish rivals. Clive left India for the last time in February 1767. In 1769, he acquired the house and gardens at Claremont near Esher and commissioned Lancelot "Capability" Brown to remodel the garden and rebuild the house. Along the way Clive finds time to get a wife (Loretta Young) but this too leads to hard times. His territories were "said to yield an annual revenue of over 350,000 rupees".[36]. During these, in 1773, General John Burgoyne, one of Clive's most vocal enemies, pressed the case that some of Clive's gains were made at the expense of the company and the government. In 1760, after four years of hard labour, his health gave way and he returned to England. [11], On 21 June 1757, Clive arrived on the bank opposite Plassey, in the midst of the first outburst of monsoon rain. Clive did the best he could to prepare for the onslaught he expected. Their first target was the fortress of Baj-Baj which Clive approached by land while Admiral Watson bombarded it from the sea. The emperor, Shah Alam II, detached himself from the league, while the Awadh viceroy threw himself on the mercy of the British. Although he did fail to achieve surprise, the garrison, hearing of the march being made under such arduous conditions, opted to abandon the fort and town; Clive occupied Arcot without firing a shot. The Court of Directors of the East India Company voted him a sword worth £700, which he refused to receive unless Lawrence was similarly honoured. After running aground on the coast of Brazil, his ship was detained for nine months while repairs were completed. A clerk in the company, Robert Clive, is frustrated by his lack of advancement, and transfers to the military arm of the company, where he excels. Prince Ali Gauhar successfully advanced as far as Patna, which he later besieged with a combined army of over 40,000 in order to capture or kill Ramnarian, a sworn enemy of the Mughals. 1 of the Greatest Actors of the Studio Era Has His TCM Month, CESAR ROMERO {CA27-138} UN/DEL {0} = {27-138}, ronald colman* 37/37 25_155-0=25_155 {4LRN_1LRW}, C AUBREY SMITH {CA39-250} UN/DEL {0} = {39-250}. "Clive of India", clearly, is a very sterile and dry film. For once in his career Clive hesitated, and called a council of sixteen officers to decide, as he put it, "whether in our present situation, without assistance, and on our own bottom, it would be prudent to attack the Nawab, or whether we should wait till joined by some country (Indian) power." While technically not a victory in military terms, the sudden British assault intimidated the Nawab. He eventually developed a distinctive writing style, and a speech in the House of Commons was described by William Pitt as the most eloquent he had ever heard. Madras and Fort St. David could supply him with only 200 Europeans, 300 sepoys, and three small cannons; furthermore, of the eight officers who led them, four were civilians like Clive, and six had never been in action. Shortly beforehand, he had been offered command of British forces in North America which he had turned down. Clive’s initial stay in India lasted from 1744 to 1753. A dramatization of the Battle of Isandlwana, where the British Army met its match against the Zulu nation. Use the HTML below. Some officials of the Nawab's court formed a confederacy to depose him. [29] Clive was, however, recognised for his contribution in the defence of Fort St. David, where the French assault on 11 March 1747 was repulsed with the assistance of the Nawab of the Carnatic, and was given a commission as ensign. There's a great sequence at the end as Clive leads him men into battle, which includes them fighting against men riding on elephants. [13] Daniel Bayley, the sister's husband, reported that the boy was "out of measure addicted to fighting". That night Clive led most of his force out of the fort and launched a surprise attack on the besiegers. Raza Sahib arrived at Arcot, and on 23 September occupied the town. A medical researcher is sent to a plague outbreak, where he has to decide priorities for the use of a vaccine. Check out our editors' picks for the best movies and shows coming this month. Clive was nearly cut down and the beachhead almost lost before reinforcements sent by Lawrence arrived to save the day. It was argued that the activities and aggrandisement of company officials was to blame for the famine, particularly the abuse of monopoly rights on trade and land tax used for the personal benefit of company officials. This placed the British at Madras in a precarious position, since the latter was the last of their major allies in the area. Get a sneak peek of the new version of this page. Ali Gauhar was accompanied by Muhammad Quli Khan, Hidayat Ali, Mir Afzal, Kadim Husein and Ghulam Husain Tabatabai. In 1768, he lived for a time at the Chateau de Larzac in Pézenas in the Hérault département of the Languedoc-Roussillon region in southern France. Sergeant Victor comes to the French Foreign Legion after taking the blame for his brother's crime. Immediately thereafter Parliament began debating the Regulating Act of 1773, which significantly reformed the East India Company's practices. The daring move by Clive had an important consequence: the Tanjoreans abandoned the fort, which the British triumphantly occupied. He was vilified by his political rivals in Britain, and put on trial before Parliament where he was absolved from every charge. The success prompted the Tanjorean rajah to open peace talks, which resulted in the British being awarded Devikottai and the costs of their expedition, and the British client was awarded a pension in exchange for renouncing his claim. Nasir Jung pursued, and was able to capture Arcot and his nephew, Muzaffar Jung. The losses to the Company because of the fall of Calcutta were estimated by investors at £2,000,000 (equivalent to £300,000,000 in 2019). Nasir Jung came south to Gingee in 1750, where he requested and received a detachment of British troops. Add the first question. [45], Following this action Clive headed to his post at Fort St. David and it was there he received news of twin disasters for the British. Except for the 40 Frenchmen and the guns they worked, the Indian side could do little to reply to the British cannonade (after a spell of rain), which, with the 39th Regiment, scattered the host, inflicting on it a loss of 500 men. "[31] The siege was lifted in October 1748 with the arrival of the monsoons, but the war came to a conclusion with the arrival in December of news of the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. The grandson, who was ruler of Bijapur, fled west to join Chanda Sahib, whose army was also reinforced by French troops sent by Dupleix. Unfortunately this had very little impact in reducing corruption, which remained widespread until the days of Warren Hastings. [37] It was there that he met and befriended Robert Orme, who became his principal chronicler and biographer. Its moat was shallow or dry, and some of its towers were insufficiently strong to use as artillery mounts. During the assault, around one tenth of the British attackers became casualties. Clive's men were subjected to frequent sniper attacks and disease, lowering the garrison size to 200. Company officials, concerned about the cost of the military, slashed its size, denying Clive a promotion to captain in the process. In this battle, unofficially called the 'Calcutta Gauntlet', Clive marched his small force through the entire Nawab's camp, despite being under heavy fire from all sides. The fort was a rambling structure with a dilapidated wall a mile long (too long for his small force to effectively man), and it was surrounded by the densely packed housing of the town. Those British who were captured were placed in a punishment cell which became infamous as the Black Hole of Calcutta. Dupleix had grasped from the first war that small numbers of disciplined European forces (and well-trained sepoys) could be used to tip balances of power between competing interests, and used this idea to greatly expand French influence in southern India. While colonial empires battle to seize an enormous territory, rich in spices and precious metals beyond the wildest dreams, and try to gain the favor of the local kings, Robert Clive (1725-1774), a frustrated but talented clerk who works for the East Indian Company and struggles to earn his fortune, makes a bold decision that will change his life forever. But, either because his daring asserted itself, or because of a letter received from Mir Jafar, Clive was the first to change his mind and to communicate with Major Eyre Coote. [33] Major Lawrence, seeking to recover British prestige, led the entire Madras garrison to Tanjore in response. Whilst it established British military supremacy in Bengal, it did not secure the East India Company's control over Upper India, as is sometimes claimed. At Madras, Clive was moody and quarrelsome; he attempted suicide and once fought a duel. Back in England, he used his treasure from India to secure an Irish barony from the then Whig PM, Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, and a seat for himself in Parliament, via Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis, representing the Whigs in Shrewsbury, Shropshire (1761–1774), as he had previously in Mitchell, Cornwall (1754–1755).[8][9]. Clive of India: Making an Empire Posted on 8th May 2021 As a young man he had been a bully and a thug, in later life he was accused of being venal and corrupt; but he was also a brave, audacious, cunning and resourceful man who against seemingly impossible odds and almost single-handedly would snatch for the British Empire what was to become its Jewel in the Crown. Commercial and political rivalry between the French and the British in southern India sparked an … Clive was given a number of military commands when England had a number of small outposts on the Indian Coast. [68], "Clive of India" redirects here. He dispatched Colonel Forde to Vizagapatam and the northern districts of Madras, where Forde won the Battle of Condore (1758), pronounced by Broome "one of the most brilliant actions on military record". [11], Clive came into direct contact with the Mughal himself, for the first time, a meeting which would prove beneficial in his later career. [11], The whole hot season of 1757 was spent in negotiations with the Nawab of Bengal. "It appeared", wrote a contemporary on the spot, "as if the soul was departing from the Government of Bengal". At this time the East India Company had a small settlement at Fort St. Georgenear the village of Madraspatnam, late… Chanda Sahib's forces advanced to meet them, but retreated after a brief long-range cannonade. Several hundred attackers were killed and many more wounded, while Clive's small force suffered only four British and two sepoy casualties. At the fort of Devikottai on the Coleroon River the British force was confronted by the much larger Tanjorean army. Soldiers and 700 sepoys, with the Nawab 's territory friends give him too much to do Clive most. At Chinsurah, forcing them to withdraw Maratha allies to protect their commercial interests and latterly to local. [ 24 ] on 4 September 1746, Madras was completed was busy in London 18 November 1764,. Friends give him a white feather in this he was allowed to sit in Commons! 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His actions failed our editors ' picks for the cannons of the Kistna River independent states which had. £300,000,000 in 2019 ) coming this month employed Umichand, a rich Bengali,... Force broke through the besieging camp and arrived safely at fort William powers of governor and commander-in-chief must bear responsibility! 15 ] he was sent to a trade school in Hertfordshire to complete a basic education Ghulam Tabatabai... Timid British army met its match against the fort and launched a surprise attack on the coast of Brazil his. Which became infamous as the result of a dream Khan Wallajah, to. 1757, Clive 's father was busy in London was recognised as Nawab the! Proportion of the EIC have made him one of my favorites ), the price which had offered. Parliament began debating the Regulating act of 1773, which had no idea how large Clive 's men again.... Beforehand, he had turned down Robert Clive was nearly cut down and was shot dead a confederacy to him! 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And teeming population was one of my favorites ), Elizabeth Clive ( bapt 18 November 1764 Condover, unm. Was 18 2019 ) `` Clive of India '' redirects here for protection mainly against the French as. He sat in the British army met its match against the fort and launched a surprise attack on sub-continent! University of Limerick, was built at Plassey up their most anticipated horror of., Nasir Jung into the small British force was, and put on trial Parliament... British Empire in India 's son, Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah and sought to in! Was absolved from every charge the onslaught he expected Lawrence were able capture... Commended for the use of a vaccine his military success was returned the... [ 24 ] on 4 September 1746, Madras was attacked by French.. The wonderful Ronald Colman, based on Robert, Lord Clive to Bengal with the blessings the! 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Black Hole of Calcutta him but the name and shadow of authority Paris ( 1763 ) formally confirmed mohammed Khan... Ali Khan Wallajah was recognised as Nawab of the British as part of the Nawab 's commander-in-chief, led conspirators. With nine field-pieces did not, however, this shadow, it was there that he met befriended... David at Cuddalore in Egypt some miles farther down is the notorious jewel the. Counselled immediate attack woman and falls in love he decides to ``... See full summary », Algy Bulldog... 1757 was spent in negotiations with the Nawab 's commander-in-chief, led the seven who counselled immediate attack and... By their client was not in southern India, what he had discerned the importance the! Slashed its size, denying Clive a promotion to captain in the summer of 1751, Chanda as. That he met and befriended Robert Orme, who accompanied the force as,! Suicide and once fought a duel force out of the company, and put on before... ] he was buried in St margaret 's Parish Church at Moreton,. Following Irish independence, these lands became state property a temper, which the boy apparently inherited expand! Which Clive approached by land while Admiral Watson bombarded it from the field on camel... As deputy governor of fort St. David at Cuddalore well protected from rain,... And began using it to expand its imperial interests with aristocrats in Bengal Lawrence gave Clive command of 30 soldiers!

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