These target groups include: Public access options can be especially important for women, who may face barriers to accessing devices and data at home. 0 0 0. The UN Broadband Commission defines internet affordability as ‘1 for 2’ — that is, 1GB of mobile broadband costing no more than 2 percent of the average monthly income. By allowing them to shop around to get the best deal, this policy creates competitive pressure for providers to innovate and improve their offering. It gives major network operators and service providers regulatory certainty. The 2019 Affordability Report. Normalise the full (imputed) dataset using z-scores (z=(x-mean)/standard deviation), making sure that for all indicators, a high value is ‘good’ and a low value is ‘bad’. How to protect your nest egg – and your life – to limit the damage … next time. The average bill is $90.06 for a 10Mbps package, or 43% of the average monthly wage. This is lower than the $80 monthly mentioned by SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell Private operators are likely to legally challenge prices charged by state-owned networks if they are lower than what the market currently charges. The exit of international operator Millicom from African markets has engendered a wave of consolidation across the continent. This was certainly the case, for example, with Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). This framework illustrates the relationship between markets and their policy environments. Public access and community networks complement the commercial market. Public access policies can actively support these and other specific groups to get online and access the internet’s benefits. *, **, and *** indicates significance at the 95%, 99%, and 99.9% levels respectively. Users may take advantage of similar data-intensive multimedia social applications while on a public access network, but rely mainly on low-cost text messaging to communicate with friends while out of range. A user will pay an internet service provider (ISP) for their connection. This structure offers policymakers multiple points of intervention. An affordability gap and increasing reliance on mobile data could limit internet access for some Australians. Healthy markets require not only competition but also regulatory stability. The next two sections detail two of these public investment strategies. The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) has ranked Nigeria third in its Africa Affordability Drivers Index, out of 27 countries studied by the group. These countries, on average, improved their scores three times as much as middle-income countries, with a 15.6% increase from 2018 to 2019, compared to just 4.5% and 5.1% in lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries, respectively. In 2019, Colombia provided the most affordable, accessible and universal internet among the Latin American countries presented, with an internet Affordability Drivers Index (ADI) of 83.06. These categories sit on a spectrum from fully consolidated to healthy, competitive markets. As well as delivering positive economic impacts, public internet access programs offer a range of important social benefits. Beyond regulation, we note that policy makers should prioritise public investment strategies such as open access wholesale networks and public access solutions — all key elements of A4AI’s Good Practices Policy Framework. This gulf underlines the challenge we have to bridge the global affordability gap and ensure that everyone has affordable internet access. In addition to regulatory powers, public institutions have access to financial and political capital to drive expanded broadband access. Sign up for to have affordability news delivered to your inbox. The Inclusive Internet Index has been updated for 2021, with revised rankings and scores. The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) has ranked Nigeria third in its Africa Affordability Drivers Index, out of 27 countries studied by the group. Authors’ calculations based on data from GSMA Intelligence, 2019, International Telecommunications Union, 2019. Projects in these five countries are at varying stages of development. We hope you enjoy and learn from this 2019 Affordability Report and these other new resources. In addition to the economic benefits, public access provides social dividends across education, healthcare, and other sectors. According to A4AI, the 2019 Affordability Report focuses on low- and middle-income countries where internet costs tend to be the highest. Eager to share your own experiences with work to implement policy toward affordable internet? To what extent does the regulator and/or the competition commission enforce the country's ICT licensing requirements and regulations? The internet has multiple layers. Public access ICT facilities can play an important role in this growing e-health ecosystem.For example, health clinics and hospitals increasingly communicate with their patients via mobile phones and online applications, and many patients may not always have access to data connections or capacity to receive vital information and assistance, often in time-sensitive situations. User interfaces at ICT centres and on public Wi-Fi services can provide options in such languages, localised by geographic area. Much of this is guided through two tools: national broadband plans, which help guide the overall development of the broadband market within a country, and Universal Service & Access Funds (USAFs), which can provide internet access according to social need rather than commercial profit. The project contract was awarded to the consortium Azteca, composed of TV Azteca and Tendai, in a public-private partnership. However, they have shown more promise in Mexico and Rwanda. Throughout 2016, Mexico carried out an international public tender process that was said to be transparent and based on objective criteria and was published after extensive public consultations and scrutiny. And, how A4AI has been supporting the agenda? Examples include: Many public internet facilities help local entrepreneurs build online businesses, providing training, assisting with website development, supporting marketing and sales, and offering financial support. In Peru, Law no. From health, education, sports, business, defense, etc, it has solved one human problem or the other. Industry voices have alleged that the market failures that justified the Red Compartida and its cost analysis were not well proven. You can start receiving it hours before everyone else if you subscribe now. Underpinning these pillars are 12 indicators that are interrelated and work together to provide a measure of overall digital quality of life. However, this development comes in the context of a positive trajectory over the past two decades for Rwanda. These practices can include embedded advertising and promotions for customers accessing the internet via the business portal, generating increased exposure as well as customer loyalty. Benefiting from the research framework established by the Web Index, the ADI covers 61 countries and focuses on two key aspects driving affordability: communications infrastructure and access. apq.com. Public access facilities can often contribute to the growing demand for internet-based financial services, for example by allowing users to access their accounts online, make e-payments, and even to act as agents for mobile money services. The recommendations in this report can help policymakers to renew their efforts to expand connectivity and fulfil the economic and social benefits of widespread, affordable internet access. By Faustine Ngila. Price Competitive Environment For the 50% of the world unable to connect, the greatest barrier remains affordability. Governments should use their regulatory powers to support a competitive market environment as well as invest to open up markets to new providers and end users. The UN Broadband Commission defines internet affordability as ‘1 for 2’ — that is, 1GB of mobile broadband costing no more than 2 percent of the average monthly income. ISLAMABAD: Pakistan continues to slide on “Inclusive Internet Index” to drop to 90th rank among 120 countries, according to a global report for the year 2021. The country’s regulator, Osiptel, published a 2017 report that identified a number of shortcomings and considered the possibility of nationalising the network. The Alliance For Affordable Internet (A4AI) has ranked Nigeria 13 on its Internet Affordability Drivers Index (ADI) out of 58 countries that were studied. Together, we can make access to the internet affordable and meaningful for all. Citizens can also make e-payments for private and government services at such locations, for convenience and one-stop shopping. The 51 countries researched on were scored using the “Affordability Index”, the index scored each country on a scale of 0-100, basing it on usage rates/current penetration and policy/regulatory environment in such countries, which could lead to further progress. 3. There is a correlation between performance on the ADI and higher market competition, with countries that perform well on this year’s Index also having some of the most competitive markets. Policymakers have significant power to shape market conditions and promote broadband development. Indeed, by March 2019, only 70,496 of Rwanda’s 5,981,638 internet subscribers were using the 4G network. Of the 136 low- and middle-income countries studied in this report, only 65 have fully competitive markets. This means that low-income countries made the most improvements in terms of lowering broadband industry costs. While there has been a historic trend towards liberalisation, the progress towards market competition is stalling and, in some cases, markets are becoming more consolidated. Frequently these wholesale providers are also competitive retail operators as well. The global study is based on information provided by the United Nations, the World Bank, Freedom House, the International Communications Union, and other public data sources. Survey questions were scored based on predetermined criteria by country experts. The ITU reported in 2011 that over 160 regulatory authorities around the world have set some form of open access to passive telecommunications infrastructure, including the sharing of infrastructure or co-location and site sharing. Retirement Affordability Index ™ Preparing for disaster. The lack of meaningful competition in Canada has Canadians paying more and getting less. An estimated 589 million people live in countries where a lack of competition keeps internet prices higher than they should be. These centres, Wi-Fi hotspots, libraries, and other public access options factor into a comprehensive web of connectivity that sustains a wide array of online behaviours and activities. Market competition and public access options are powerful, complementary forces that motivate providers to innovate and provide affordable, quality services for users. The ADI is a tool developed by the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) to assess how well a country’s policy, regulatory, and overall supply-side environment is positioned to lower industry costs and ultimately create more affordable broadband. They might then charge users $0.25 per hour, which is enough to break even or earn a profit with moderate daily demand. WOANs are similar to other open access policies in their objective to build and offer equitable access to backhaul infrastructure. Market competition and composition remain prominent themes in broadband regulation and, as our analysis shows, is one of the most important factors impacting affordability. As governments develop their broadband plans and consider their market composition, they should: While the 2019 Affordability Report charts the disappointing lack of policy progress from many governments to address one of the greatest barriers to access, it also underlines the huge power they have to shape healthy markets in a way that brings down costs and gives more people the opportunity to get online. Closest to the user, this part of the internet includes a neighborhood’s network and the connection between a tower and someone’s mobile phone. Similarly, hypercompetitive markets can also lead to operators having to spend more on customer recruitment and retention, reducing the potential net investment in a country’s telecommunications infrastructure and overall coverage. The Affordability category examines the cost of access relative to income and the level of competition in the Internet marketplace. Broadband policies that promote market competition incentivise operators to compete for customers on price, coverage, and quality of service. With fair rules that provide operators the stability necessary to anticipate returns on investments, they have the flexibility to invest and grow the mobile broadband market. Another growing trend is for local retail businesses — such as shops, malls, and transport hubs — to provide public internet access to attract customers. While there were bright spots of progress, these were generally the exception in this year’s Index. Early stage markets: where countries have just started the process of liberalisation. They should intervene where necessary but, most importantly, must establish incentives to ensure market environments continue to support competition. Further, prices have dropped and the economic impact of the telecommunications sector in the economy has increased. Broadband deployment became a core enabler of the plan and by 2010, 3,000km of fibre-optic backbone had been deployed with government support. Altán has issued over 15 contracts to provide wireless and mobile services based on Red Compartida infrastructure. In early 2017, the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) granted a 20-year concession to the public-private partnership formed by the Agency for the Promotion of Investment In Telecommunications (Organismo Promotor de Inversiones en Telecomunicaciones, PROMTEL) and the Altán consortium to deploy Red Compartida. Nation Media Group. In recent years, a growing number of stakeholders have looked to build on this open access approach by developing wholesale open access networks (WOANs). The scores were checked and verified by a number of peer and regional reviewers.Last year, we conducted a new round of policy surveys on the 61 countries covered by the ADI between June and August 2018 by regional policy experts and included a peer-review process to improve the accuracy of the results. Overall, broadband policy change falls short of what’s needed to reach international targets for universal access. Competition is core to successful broadband markets. There has historically been a lack of private investment in telecommunications infrastructure in Rwanda as a result of the civil conflict in the 1990s and early 2000s. Public internet access strategies are a crucial tool for complementing a competitive market environment. In the Americas, Jamaica was ranked ninth out of 15 countries scrutinised, with an Affordability Drivers Index (ADI) of 62.7 out of a possible 100 score. This is … In some countries, 1GB costs as much as 20% of the average salary — too expensive for all but the wealthiest few. Policies like these can promote higher quality of service and wider geographic connectivity without requiring regulators to take punitive action against operators. As mobile broadband technology has developed and become more ubiquitous across the globe, markets have also become more competitive. Market competition relates to the number of providers in the market and the size of their market share. A global coalition working to make broadband affordable for all, ©2008-2021 Alliance for Affordable Internet. We employ data from several large international databases to measure or proxy the dimensions under study. Numerous such small e-commerce ventures have been successfully launched through public access programs. The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) has ranked Nigeria third in its Africa Affordability Drivers Index, out of 27 countries studied by the group. Furthermore, there was a large opportunity cost in allocating the whole 700MHz band to a single project. This relationship encourages further research into the influence of market competition on internet affordability. Before an indicator is included in the Index, it needs to fulfil four basic criteria: All the indicators included in the ADI are listed below, where they are grouped by sub-index and type (primary sources or secondary sources). The public-private partnership won the Global Telecom Business Magazine’s Global Telecom Business Innovation Award in 2015. To what extent does the government facilitate resource sharing across telecommunications operators? This is according to the “2017 Affordability Report’’ released by A4A1 in Lagos on Tuesday. Market Concentration, as Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Mobile broadband connections (% of all connections), Percentage of individuals using the Internet, Market penetration, as mobile internet unique subscribers, Flexible, technology & service neutral ICT licensing frameworks, Specific guidelines for public infrastructure funding & telecoms subsidies, Time bound gov’t plan to make available broadband spectrum for high-speed data services, Transparent, competitive and fair process for increasing spectrum availability. In Durham, house prices could rise by 16% and still be affordable for someone on an average wage with a 20% deposit and a mortgage of 3.5 times salary. This has benefited consumers, because a larger mobile broadband market typically offers more options and more reliable connections. The A4AI is an initiative of The Web Foundation, founded by inventor of the Web Tim Berners-Lee, with partner organizations that include Google and … This year’s report is informed by expert policy surveys conducted in 72 countries, almost all low- or middle-income, across the regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. While we continue to grow this database of policy good practices, we look forward to your feedback and welcome suggested examples to add to this public resource. Only two bids were submitted, one by Rivada Networks and Spectrum Frontiers and another by the then newly-formed international consortium named Altán. More affordable internet Netizens in the country pay Sh81 for mobile connectivity, down from Sh101 last year. More than ever, we are being asked to work, learn and connect online. India’s advances on the ADI’s Access Sub-Index — which measures both broadband availability and the policy environment to support broadband access in a country — were softened by the country’s quickly consolidating mobile market. Public access helps expand connectivity at the margins to create a more inclusive digital economy and reduce the digital gender gap. The index is calculated for a given area based on two major components: income and housing. They supply access where there are market gaps, expand connectivity to more people, build digital skills in new communities, and cultivate demand for internet access. In 2013, South Africa Connect — the country’s broadband policy — cited open access wholesale fibre and wireless broadband networks as a way to mitigate the dominance of some vertically integrated operators. In 2013, Mexico began one of its largest constitutional, legal, and regulatory restructures in order to modernise its telecommunications and broadcasting sectors for the purpose of improving their economic competitiveness and growth. Infrastructure investments explain this year’s major improvements, moving some countries to higher positions on the Affordability Drivers Index (ADI). These are frequently processed via public internet connections. Globally, over 260 million people have only one choice for a major mobile network operator that serves their area. A number of studies and reports have highlighted this important connection. Availability looks at the connected population, quality of connection, network availability, and the basic infrastructure to support Internet connectivity. Any errors in this report remain the authors’ alone. They should focus on three core areas necessary to support healthy, competitive markets: In robust and competitive markets, operators face more pressure to innovate and provide value. These types of contributions can take many forms, as users creatively take advantage of the range of opportunities the internet offers. Buying a home is a major commitment - and expense. A network operator will pay a fee to a submarine cable company for international connectivity. To what extent does the gov’t ICT regulator perform its functions according to published and transparent rules, with the ICT regulatory decisions influenced by public consultations? A number of governments have been considering wholesale open access networks as a way to foster competition, decrease costs, and increase connectivity. The project has received harsh criticism from some. Affordability Drivers Index, that reflects the state of broadband right up to the pandemic’s start. Higher numbers (going up to 10,000) represent more concentrated markets; lower numbers indicate more competitive markets. While this number is still low compared to other countries, more MVNOs are expected to enter the Mexican market on the basis that Red Compartida will not compete in retail and has further expansion planned in rural areas. They range from public Wi-Fi points to physical facilities — such as libraries, post offices, and community centres — and offer additional opportunities for skill-building and onboarding new users. The two most improved countries in this year’s ADI, Cameroon and Mali, both adopted new national broadband plans. In such cases, we conduct supplementary analyses to the index as we have done in the past by looking at income and gender equality. A global coalition working to make broadband affordable for all, How broadband markets affect affordability, Building wholesale open access networks for competitive markets, The role of public access in broadband markets, ©2008-2021 Alliance for Affordable Internet. Local governments and advocacy organizations can use this information to plan their work in expanding connectivity or to advocate for additional investments. This year’s report looks at the impact that market conditions have on internet affordability and how policy and regulation can drive healthy, competitive broadband markets. Washington DC: Web Foundation. Network in Construction; Access Policy Proposed (2/3), Various private investors and a development bank (CAF), Private consortium (Public-Private Partnership with Altán), Public-Private Partnership with KT Rwanda Networks, Clear, time-bound targets in National Broadband Plan for reducing cost & increasing penetration, USAFs used to subsidise access for underserved and underprivileged populations, ICT regulatory decisions informed by adequate evidence, Specific policies to promote free or low-cost access. Public access facilities and services can provide valuable resources for indigenous people who may speak only traditional languages and follow other cultural practices that are not widely addressed by the global or even national internet. Do you have any questions or comments about the report? Amendments to the African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms The Affordability Drivers Index (ADI) measures government policies that impact internet affordability. Local and foreign investors, including Huawei and Nokia, provided capital resources while Promtel participated by giving access to spectrum resources and to the fibre optic network. In 2018, however, Korean Telecom reported a USD $25.1 million loss, according to figures from the United States Securities and Exchanges Commission. At the same time, commercial public Wi-Fi offerings have begun to proliferate, with subscription-based or free hotspots increasingly available in coffee shops, restaurants, shopping malls, and many other public spaces. A 2016 white paper from the Department of Telecommunications and Postal Services followed, describing the creation of a wireless open access network, which would be a “public-private sector-owned and managed consortium.” The white paper was discussed at the legislative level, but the relevant bill was withdrawn in February 2019 after industry pressure. However, the reality is that the vast majority of public access users’ data consumption represents traffic that would simply not exist if they had to pay for it at the market price. The 120 countries in this year's index represent 98% of global GDP and 96% of global population. Governments can help by setting fair and clear market rules for entry into the market, with clear licensing requirements for traditional providers and community networks. Theoretically, their benefits should similarly range from eliminating incumbent entrenchment, reducing overall capital expenditure, and risk sharing in the form of public-private partnerships. How to protect your nest egg – and your life – to limit the damage … next time. A detailed study of telecentres in Rwanda found that these facilities created a variety of opportunities for local entrepreneurs, including farmers and small businesses, to increase incomes and reduce costs. This network uses 90MHz of the 700 MHz band where the state retains control of the spectrum to build and operate a wholesale network under a public-private partnership model. Despite the criticism, by the end of 2018, the network was on track to exceed 50% of its agreed population coverage. Based on this information, A4AI also calculated an estimated HHI score for each market type. As demand for internet access across West Africa first explodes, a public-private partnership in Ghana adds competition at the backhaul level and triggers a drop in internet prices. Firstly, public access services invariably connect directly with, and pay charges to, private commercial telecom providers. 2020 Rental Affordability Index - Where are the most and least affordable places to rent in the UK? For people to benefit from the Internet, it must be available and affordable. There are two distinct types of indicators: primary and secondary. Ultimately, the goal is that Red Compartida will not only allow MNOs and other traditional telecom companies build upon the Red Compartida, but also any small, medium, or large business to provide internet services to a community. The role of advanced ICTs in healthcare is rapidly changing, as new tools and applications are improving access and treatment options. However, public access has driven changes in market behavior by commercial providers, in part by highlighting and foreshadowing trends in demand that may not be captured in traditional service and pricing practices. Red Compartida began operating in March 2018 with 4G LTE technology. As a result of these reforms, the telecommunications sector in Mexico has been significantly transformed, with greater investment, access to services, and general quality and price. In some countries, remittances represent an important slice of the economy, such as in the Philippines where they make up a substantial portion of the country’s GDP. The Economist’s Intelligence Unit’s Inclusive internet Index ranks Canada third out of 100 countries in internet affordability. This post is a delayed version of Techpoint Digest, a week-daily newsletter that rounds up major happenings in African tech. This often includes people with low incomes or levels of digital literacy and those who live in remote or rural areas. First, there is a summary of steps taken to date by policymakers to develop wholesale open access networks at the backhaul level. Internet (A4AI). the archetype of a monopoly-like structure, In both cases we assume all other factors, such as education, population, and income, as being equal, over 260 million people have only one choice for a major mobile network operator that serves their area, ITU Global ICT Regulatory Outlook of 2017, higher quality of service and wider geographic connectivity, reducing the potential net investment in a country’s telecommunications infrastructure, over 160 regulatory authorities around the world have set some form of open access, a way to increase connectivity in rural and remote areas, a progressive series of population coverage targets every two years, transparent and based on objective criteria, provided capital resources while Promtel participated by giving access to spectrum, any small, medium, or large business to provide internet, exceed 50% of its agreed population coverage, rapid reduction in mobile network interconnection cost, a growing presence of MVNOs in the country, found a 12% market share decline of incumbent operators, private investment in telecommunications infrastructure in Rwanda, 3,000km of fibre-optic backbone had been deployed, contributes fibre optic assets, spectrum resources and the 25-year license, cutting down wholesale and package prices, Global Telecom Business Innovation Award in 2015, the partnership has reported various new clients to the regulator, only 70,496 of Rwanda’s 5,981,638 internet subscribers, “zero-rate” (no cost) use of particular applications, created a variety of opportunities for local entrepreneurs, many public internet facilities offer both connectivity and cash payouts, internet cafés have become a one-stop shop for government e-payments, actively advertise the availability of remittance services, A4AI Policy and Regulatory Good Practices, Creative Commons 4.0 International licence. 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