His real first name was Albert but he was crowned George VI because Albert was to German. The Queen Mother Elizabeth was born Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon on August 4, 1900. [100] In October 1951, Elizabeth and Philip went on a month-long tour of Canada; the trip had been delayed for a week due to the King's illness. [102], On 31 January 1952, despite advice from those close to him, the King went to London Airport[c] to see Elizabeth and Philip off on their tour to Australia via Kenya. [31], In a time when royalty were expected to marry fellow royalty, it was unusual that Albert had a great deal of freedom in choosing a prospective wife. George relinquished the title of Emperor of India in June 1948 and instead adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. However, King George VI and his wife Queen Elizabeth were both uncertain of the Greek prince when he first started to show interest in their daughter. In 1919, he joined the Royal Air Force and was certified as a pilot. Buckingham Palace was bombed during the Blitz while the King and Queen were there, and his younger brother, the Duke of Kent, was killed on active service. [80] After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister". https://www.biography.com/royalty/george-vi. Edward VIII became king of the United Kingdom following the death of his father, George V, but ruled for less than a year. [1] His father was Prince George, Duke of York (later King George V), the second and eldest surviving son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). The stress of the war had taken its toll on the King's health,[96][97] made worse by his heavy smoking[98] and subsequent development of lung cancer among other ailments, including arteriosclerosis and Buerger's disease. Prince Albert and Logue cultivated a strong relationship and, gradually, his speech improved. [2] His birthday, 14 December 1895, was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort. [95] Despite the tour, Smuts lost the election the following year, and the new government instituted a strict policy of racial segregation. In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland, violating the Munich Pact, and war was declared. [88], George VI's reign saw the acceleration of the dissolution of the British Empire. Gerald Ford became the 38th president of the United States following Richard Nixon's resignation, in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal. [101] His Christmas broadcast of 1951 was recorded in sections, and then edited together. In this sweet family portrait from 1929, the Duke of York smiles at his … She was the ninth child and fourth daughter of … [84] Their high public profile and apparently indefatigable determination secured their place as symbols of national resistance. He often suffered from ill health and was described as "easily frightened and somewhat prone to tears". He was beset by smoking-related health problems in the later years of his reign and died of coronary thrombosis in 1952. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother are the parents of Queen Elizabeth II. [107] His funeral took place at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on the 15th. The close and loving family lived at 145 Piccadilly, rather than one of the royal palaces. 21–24; Rhodes James, p. 91, Judd, p. 47; Wheeler-Bennett, pp. Later that year, Edward abdicated to marry the twice-divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson, and George became the third monarch of the House of Windsor. 94–96; Vickers, pp. 31, 44, Judd, pp. A niece was born 2 … The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises, and the Duchess rehearsed with him patiently. [56] Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new queen consort, with the Order of the Garter. In the 1930s, King George VI, a strong supporter of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, hoped that Chamberlain would be able to stave off a war with Nazi Germany. 163–166; Rhodes James, pp. Known as "Bertie" among his family and close friends, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria and was named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort. The series made him a household name, but brought an end to his film career. Around 1920 Prince Albert became reacquainted with Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, whom he had met as a child through their families' close relationship. The royals were also well received by the American public. King George VI’s father, King George V, had reservations about his first son, Prince Edward (Duke of Windsor), taking the throne. From Ottawa, they were accompanied by the Canadian prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King,[64] to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. His wife often accompanied him and participated in the sessions. "[50], On the day of Edward's abdication, the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Irish Free State, removed all direct mention of the monarch from the Irish constitution. [35] In the words of her mother Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Albert would be "made or marred" by his choice of wife. [58] There was no Durbar held in Delhi for George VI, as had occurred for his father, as the cost would have been a burden to the Government of India. [11][62] When the King and Queen greeted Chamberlain on his return from negotiating the Munich Agreement in 1938, they invited him to appear on the balcony of Buckingham Palace with them. [13], Albert spent the first six months of 1913 on the training ship HMS Cumberland in the West Indies and on the east coast of Canada. The King replied: "You should worry, when I meet him, I always think he's after mine! [71][72], Following the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, the United Kingdom and the self-governing Dominions other than Ireland declared war on Nazi Germany. Some historians report that King George had had wonderful relationship with his father, but he and his wife In September 1939, the British Empire and Commonwealth—but not Ireland—declared war on Nazi Germany. [87] In January 1946, George addressed the United Nations at their first assembly, which was held in London, and reaffirmed "our faith in the equal rights of men and women and of nations great and small". Her Majesty’s father, George VI, died suddenly in his sleep on 6 February 1952. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923, and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret. [57], George VI's coronation at Westminster Abbey took place on 12 May 1937, the date previously intended for Edward's coronation. No evidence has been found to support the rumour that the government considered bypassing him in favour of his scandal-ridden younger brother, George. Though affectionate with his mother, affection was not always returned, and his father was harsh and critical. An infatuation with the already-married Australian socialite Lady Loughborough came to an end in April 1920 when the King, with the promise of the dukedom of York, persuaded Albert to stop seeing her. King George VI was not enamored with the selection of Churchill as prime minister after Chamberlain’s resignation. George VI served as king of the United Kingdom during World War II and was an important symbolic leader. Although naturally left-handed, he was forced to write with his right hand, as was common practice at the time. The second son of King George V and Victoria May, the Duchess of York (Mary of Teck), Prince Albert’s youth was not easy. George was born at Sandringham on 14 December, the second son of the future George V and Queen Mary. Hitler ignored the Munich Pact and continued his aggressive actions in Europe. George VI continued as titular Emperor of India until 22 June 1948. George held a number of titles throughout his life, as successively great-grandson, grandson and son of the monarch. King George VI: On 11 December 1936, when George VI became king there were 8 descendants of George V in the line of succession (The King's 2 daughters, 3 siblings, and 3 nephews). © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. George VI is his official name. King George VI School is a JK-Grade 6 school in Kenora, Ontario within the Keewatin Patricia District School Board. He abdicated in December 1936 to marry a twice-divorced American woman, putting England in a crisis. [61], The growing likelihood of war in Europe dominated the early reign of George VI. [49] The day before the abdication, Albert went to London to see his mother, Queen Mary. In less than a year, he abdicated his role to Prince Albert so that he could marry his mistress, Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced American socialite. He was their second son, following the birth of his brother Edward the previous year. [21], Albert wanted to serve on the Continent while the war was still in progress and welcomed a posting to General Trenchard's staff in France. He worried about that himself. George VI was born on December 14, 1895 at York Cottage, on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, UK, to Prince George, Duke of York (later King George V) and Duchess of York (later Queen Mary). After World War II, the stress of war began to catch up with King George VI and his health began to deteriorate rapidly. In 1909, Prince Albert graduated from the Royal Naval Academy at Osborne, finishing at the bottom of his class in the final exam. On April 26, 1923, he married Lady Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, youngest daughter of the 14th earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. [110], In the words of Labour Member of Parliament George Hardie, the abdication crisis of 1936 did "more for republicanism than fifty years of propaganda". George became known as a symbol of British determination to win the war. Louis XVI was the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. After a protracted courtship, Elizabeth agreed to marry him. [90] George relinquished the title of Emperor of India, and became King of India and King of Pakistan instead. Henry IV granted religious freedom to Protestants by issuing the Edict of Nantes during his reign as king of France, from 1589 to 1610. Prince Albert and Princess Elizabeth were able to solidify their relationship during the first several years of marriage. At first reluctant, Prince Albert began seeing Logue and partaking in his unorthodox exercises. With the establishment of the Royal Air Force Albert transferred from the Royal Navy to the Royal Air Force. [20] He was the first member of the British royal family to be certified as a fully qualified pilot. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. The future George VI was born at York Cottage, on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. He was succeeded by Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. Albert's marriage to someone not of royal birth was considered a modernising gesture. At the State Opening of Parliament in November, the King's speech from the throne was read for him by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Simonds. In 1920, he was made Duke of York. [105] His daughter flew back to Britain from Kenya as Queen Elizabeth II. [55] In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon his brother the title "Duke of Windsor" with the style "Royal Highness", but the letters patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. During the victory celebration at the end of the war in Europe, the king invited Prime Minister Churchill to appear with him on the balcony of Buckingham Palace, just as he had done with Chamberlain. [68] The fear that George would be compared unfavourably to his predecessor was dispelled. George's elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII after their father died in 1936. He saw action at the inconclusive Battle of Juteland in May 1916. War with the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. Henry the Navigator, a 15th century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade. Other countries left the Commonwealth, such as Burma in January 1948, Palestine (divided between Israel and the Arab states) in May 1948 and the Republic of Ireland in 1949.[91]. On the morning of February 6, 1952, George VI was discovered dead in bed at the age of 56. [23] Following the disbanding of the Independent Air Force in November 1918, he remained on the Continent for two months as an RAF staff officer until posted back to Britain. King George VI later visited troops at Malta, bestowing on the entire island the honor of the George Cross, which he instituted to honor exceptional acts of bravery by civilians. In an echo of Chamberlain's appearance, the King invited Churchill to appear with the royal family on the balcony to public acclaim. The 4.5in by 3.75in photograph is of King George V and Queen Mary's children It was signed by them, but it is possible someone had signed John's … He attended naval college as a teenager and served in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during the First World War. [93] George was appalled, however, when instructed by the South African government to shake hands only with whites,[94] and referred to his South African bodyguards as "the Gestapo". Despite his reluctance to be king, George VI was a conscientious and dedicated sovereign who assumed the throne at a time when public faith in the monarchy was at an all-time low. In 1938, Chamberlain met with German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler and signed the Munich Pact. [69] They visited the 1939 New York World's Fair and stayed with President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the White House and at his private estate at Hyde Park, New York. [81] Every Tuesday for four and a half years from September 1940, the two men met privately for lunch to discuss the war in secret and with frankness. [7] The Duchess of Teck did not like the first name her grandson had been given, and she wrote prophetically that she hoped the last name "may supplant the less favoured one". His mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Mary), was the eldest child and only daughter of Francis, Duke of Teck, and Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck. In the Vigil of the Princes, Prince Albert and his three brothers (the new king, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and Prince George, Duke of Kent) took a shift standing guard over their father's body as it lay in state, in a closed casket, in Westminster Hall. [104] He had died in the night from a coronary thrombosis at age 56. [116] He was posthumously awarded the Ordre de la Libération by the French government in 1960, one of only two people (the other being Churchill in 1958) to be awarded the medal after 1946.[117]. Albert then became King George VI, after his father, and his wife became Queen Elizabeth. Less than a year later, on 11 December 1936, Edward abdicated in order to marry Wallis Simpson who was divorced from her first husband and divorcing her second. It was his older brother who was to be king. [59] Rising Indian nationalism made the welcome that the royal party would have received likely to be muted at best,[60] and a prolonged absence from Britain would have been undesirable in the tense period before the Second World War. [76] In defiance, the Queen declared: "I am glad we have been bombed. George C. Wallace was a four-time governor of Alabama and three-time presidential hopeful. He had a stammer that lasted for many years. A planned tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed after the king suffered an arterial blockage in 1949. King George VI School Parents has 292 members. As Duke of York, George bore the royal arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing an anchor azure—a difference earlier awarded to his father, George V, when he was Duke of York, and then later awarded to his grandson Prince Andrew, Duke of York. Queen Elizabeth II was born the eldest child of Prince Albert, Duke of York. He played at Wimbledon in the Men's Doubles with Louis Greig in 1926, losing in the first round. [113][114], The George Cross and the George Medal were founded at the King's suggestion during the Second World War to recognise acts of exceptional civilian bravery. [14] He was rated as a midshipman aboard HMS Collingwood on 15 September 1913. Armed with strong determination and the help of his wife, he became a modern monarch of the 20th century. It makes me feel we can look the East End in the face. [42] Subsequently, he was able to speak with less hesitation. [40] After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners,[41] he began to see Lionel Logue, an Australian-born speech therapist. [10] He suffered from chronic stomach problems as well as knock knees, for which he was forced to wear painful corrective splints. … In 1947, the King and his family toured Southern Africa. Louis XVII was recognized by royalists as the King of France from 1793, when he was 8, until his death in 1795. Upon seeing her again as an attractive 18-year-old, Albert was smitten, but shy and awkward. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote "the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality" and George gave a speech emphasising "the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth". It was his last public appearance. With the help of his speech therapist and his wife, King George successfully made one of the most important speeches of his life, announcing to the citizens of Britain that the country was at war—an event depicted in the 2010 film The King’s Speech. [22] For the closing weeks of the war, he served on the staff of the RAF's Independent Air Force at its headquarters in Nancy, France. [43] With his delivery improved, the Duke opened the new Parliament House in Canberra, Australia, during a tour of the empire with the Duchess in 1927. [67], The trip was intended to soften the strong isolationist tendencies among the North American public with regard to the developing tensions in Europe. [75] On 13 September, the King and Queen narrowly avoided death when two German bombs exploded in a courtyard at Buckingham Palace while they were there. He was the king of the United Kingdom from 11 December 1936 until he died. [45], The Duke and Duchess had two children: Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family) who was born in 1926, and Margaret who was born in 1930. They officially stayed in Buckingham Palace throughout the war, although they usually spent nights at Windsor Castle. He became determined to marry her. He was married to Marie Antoinette and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. During his reign his people endured the hardships of war, and imperial power was eroded. [92] The prime minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Smuts, was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit. [99] His elder daughter Elizabeth, the heir presumptive, took on more royal duties as her father's health deteriorated. "[5] Consequently, he was baptised "Albert Frederick Arthur George" at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham on 17 February 1896. [46] In 1931, the Canadian prime minister, R. B. Bennett, considered the Duke for Governor General of Canada—a proposal that King George V rejected on the advice of the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, J. H. In 1951, following years of heavy smoking, King George was diagnosed with lung cancer and arteriosclerosis. Judd, p. 3; Rhodes James, p. 90; Townsend, p. 15; Wheeler-Bennett, pp. His birthday, 14 December 1895, was the 34… 154–168; Vickers, p. 187, Judd, p. 184; Rhodes James, pp. King George VI was born Albert Frederick Arthur George Saxe-Coburg-Gotha on December 14, 1895, in Norfolk, England. "[77] The royal family were portrayed as sharing the same dangers and deprivations as the rest of the country. From 1909, Albert attended the Royal Naval College, Osborne, as a naval cadet. Bertie, as he was called, had a very nervous disposition and as a child he stuttered severly. His father was Prince George, Duke of York (later King George V), the second and eldest surviving son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). There’s some alternate universe where Elizabeth II is never born because her … [53] The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. They were subject to British rationing restrictions, and U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt remarked on the rationed food served and the limited bathwater that was permitted during a stay at the unheated and boarded-up Palace. The next day, it passed the External Relations Act, which gave the monarch limited authority (strictly on the advice of the government) to appoint diplomatic representatives for Ireland and to be involved in the making of foreign treaties. He was succeeded by his daughter, Queen Elizabeth II, after he died of lung cancer in 1952. He supported Winston Churchill completely throughout the war and even visited armies on the battlefronts. Prince Albert was crowned on May 12, 1937, and took on the name George VI to emphasize continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. [112] He became king at a point when public faith in the monarchy was at a low ebb. Although the aim of the tour was mainly political, to shore up Atlantic support for the United Kingdom in any future war, the King and Queen were enthusiastically received by the public. During the trip, they both went big game hunting. Queen Elizabeth II took over the throne at just 25 years old when her father, King George VI, died in 1952. [115] He bestowed the George Cross on the entire "island fortress of Malta" in 1943. Often ill and easily frightened, Prince Albert was somewhat prone to tears and tantrums—traits that he carried throughout much of his adult life. Though formally known as "His Highness Prince Albert of York," within the family the future king was called "Bertie," and, as a young man, "Albert.". 7–8, Judd, p. 6; Rhodes James, p. 90; Townsend, p. 15; Windsor, p. 9, Bradford, pp. The 94 year old (she will turn 95 later in April 2021) still finds ways to honor her father, including keeping holiday lights up at the royal family's estate at Sandringham until the beginning of February because her King George VI passed away on February 6, 1952 (via Hello!And when she marked the 75th Anniversary of VE Day, a photo of her father in his uniform was on the table next to her. Just out of the terrible twos. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. His first act as King was to make his brother the Duke of Windsor. [25], In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year,[26] with the historian R. V. Laurence as his "official mentor". "[48] On 20 January 1936, George V died and Edward ascended the throne as King Edward VIII. [b] Within the family, he was known informally as "Bertie". Name: King George VI Full Name: Albert Frederick Arthur George Born: December 14, 1895 at Sandringham, Norfolk Parents: George V and Mary of Teck Relation to Elizabeth II: father House of: Windsor Ascended to the throne: Dec 11, 1936 aged 40 years Crowned: May 12, 1937 at Westminster Abbey Married: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Children: Two daughters Elizabeth and Margaret This public association of the monarchy with a politician was exceptional, as balcony appearances were traditionally restricted to the royal family. [28] He began to take on more royal duties. He was succeeded by his daughter, Elizabeth II. After the war, Prince Albert went to Trinity College (University of Cambridge) and studied history, economics and civics. The delayed tour was re-organised, with Elizabeth and her husband, Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, taking the place of the King and Queen. [82] The King related much of what the two discussed in his diary, which is the only extant first-hand account of these conversations. [27] On 4 June 1920 his father created him Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He suffered personal tragedy during the war when both his wife’s nephew and his youngest brother were killed. [16] He was mentioned in despatches for his actions as a turret officer aboard Collingwood in the Battle of Jutland (31 May – 1 June 1916), the great naval battle of the war. His mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Mary), was the eldest child and only daughter of Francis, Duke of Teck, and Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck. George VI was born Albert Frederick Arthur George Windsor in 1895 at York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk. A biographer calls him, the reluctant king. 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